Application Essays

Application Essays Don’t brag about your GPA or your standardized test scores. Actually, you should not write about anything that already appears in detail somewhere else in your application. Don’t rely on your parents or your best friend to be the only people who provide feedback on your essay. They know you so well that they can “read between the lines,” that is, they can infer what is not written from reading the words on the page. The essay should be a personal journey of getting to know yourself better. This process should not only be revealing to a college admissions representative, but to you as well. We write to discover, and the college essay should be a lens through which you can see yourself a bit more clearly. Don’t fill your essay with every single personal accomplishment. You want to highlight yourself without sounding like a braggart. Likewise, I feel that my time at State University would make my potential similarly limitless. I, like State University, constantly work to explore the limits of nature by exceeding expectations. Science in all its forms fascinated me, but science projects in particular were a category all to themselves. To me, science projects were a special joy that only grew with time. In fact, it was this continued fascination for hands-on science that brought me years later to the sauna that is the University of Alabama in mid-June. Participating in the Student Science Training Program and working in their lab made me feel like a kid in a candy store. Long an amateur scientist, it was this drive that brought me to the University of Texas for its Student Science Training Program in 2013. Up to that point science had been my private past time, one I had yet to explore on anyone else’s terms. Participating for the first time in a full-length research experiment at that level, I felt more alive, more engaged, than I ever had before. Learning the complex dynamics between electromagnetic induction and optics in an attempt to solve one of the holy grails of physics, gravitational-waves, I could not have been more pleased. Thus vindicated, my desire to further formalize my love of science brings me to State University. Thanks to this experience, I know now better than ever that State University is my future, because through it I seek another, permanent, opportunity to follow my passion for science and engineering. Please submit a one-page, single-spaced essay that explains why you have chosen State University and your particular major, department or program. While in the Army, I had the great honor to serve with several men and women who, like me, fought to make a difference in the world. During my tour of duty, I witnessed several shipmates suffer from various mental aliments. Just the thought of participating in a project at this level of scientific rigor made me forget that this was supposed to be my summer break and I spent the first day eagerly examining every piece of equipment. At the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at State University, I will be able to do just that. In a department where education and research are intermixed, I can continue to follow the path that towards scientific excellence. Long-mesmerized by hobbies like my work with the FIRST Robotics team, I believe State University would be the best choice to continue to nurture my love for electrical and computer engineering. I have only scratched the surface in this ever evolving field but know that the technological potential is limitless. Driven by a commitment to serve and a desire to understand the foundations of psychological illness, I decided to return to school to study psychology. For as long as I can remember, I have dreamed of science. Where others see the engineering, experimentation, and presentation of science as a chore, I only see excitement. Even as a child I constantly sought it out, first on television with Bill Nye and The Mythbusters, then later in person in every museum exhibit I could find. Although it is not long compared to some papers you have written by now, your essay must possess a depth of self-understanding that your high school research papers probably do not. Be sure to give yourself enough time to write a meaningful essay. Do it yourself, but feel free to ask a friend who loves writing or English to read your essay and provide feedback. As a matter of fact, it’s best to ask a few different people. Everyone has an opinion, but if you hear the same critique from a number of individuals, then you should probably take their advice into consideration.

Application Essays

Application Essays Don’t brag about your GPA or your standardized test scores. Actually, you should not write about anything that already appears in detail somewhere else in your application. Don’t rely on your parents or your best friend to be the only people who provide feedback on your essay. They know you so well that they can “read between the lines,” that is, they can infer what is not written from reading the words on the page. The essay should be a personal journey of getting to know yourself better. This process should not only be revealing to a college admissions representative, but to you as well. We write to discover, and the college essay should be a lens through which you can see yourself a bit more clearly. Don’t fill your essay with every single personal accomplishment. You want to highlight yourself without sounding like a braggart. Likewise, I feel that my time at State University would make my potential similarly limitless. I, like State University, constantly work to explore the limits of nature by exceeding expectations. Science in all its forms fascinated me, but science projects in particular were a category all to themselves. To me, science projects were a special joy that only grew with time. In fact, it was this continued fascination for hands-on science that brought me years later to the sauna that is the University of Alabama in mid-June. Participating in the Student Science Training Program and working in their lab made me feel like a kid in a candy store. Long an amateur scientist, it was this drive that brought me to the University of Texas for its Student Science Training Program in 2013. Up to that point science had been my private past time, one I had yet to explore on anyone else’s terms. Participating for the first time in a full-length research experiment at that level, I felt more alive, more engaged, than I ever had before. Learning the complex dynamics between electromagnetic induction and optics in an attempt to solve one of the holy grails of physics, gravitational-waves, I could not have been more pleased. Thus vindicated, my desire to further formalize my love of science brings me to State University. Thanks to this experience, I know now better than ever that State University is my future, because through it I seek another, permanent, opportunity to follow my passion for science and engineering. Please submit a one-page, single-spaced essay that explains why you have chosen State University and your particular major, department or program. While in the Army, I had the great honor to serve with several men and women who, like me, fought to make a difference in the world. During my tour of duty, I witnessed several shipmates suffer from various mental aliments. Just the thought of participating in a project at this level of scientific rigor made me forget that this was supposed to be my summer break and I spent the first day eagerly examining every piece of equipment. At the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at State University, I will be able to do just that. In a department where education and research are intermixed, I can continue to follow the path that towards scientific excellence. Long-mesmerized by hobbies like my work with the FIRST Robotics team, I believe State University would be the best choice to continue to nurture my love for electrical and computer engineering. I have only scratched the surface in this ever evolving field but know that the technological potential is limitless. Driven by a commitment to serve and a desire to understand the foundations of psychological illness, I decided to return to school to study psychology. For as long as I can remember, I have dreamed of science. Where others see the engineering, experimentation, and presentation of science as a chore, I only see excitement. Even as a child I constantly sought it out, first on television with Bill Nye and The Mythbusters, then later in person in every museum exhibit I could find. Although it is not long compared to some papers you have written by now, your essay must possess a depth of self-understanding that your high school research papers probably do not. Be sure to give yourself enough time to write a meaningful essay. Do it yourself, but feel free to ask a friend who loves writing or English to read your essay and provide feedback. As a matter of fact, it’s best to ask a few different people. Everyone has an opinion, but if you hear the same critique from a number of individuals, then you should probably take their advice into consideration.

Admission Essay Writing Help, Ideas, Topics, Examples

Admission Essay Writing Help, Ideas, Topics, Examples The hardship he undergoes and the courage he portrays afterwards have inspired me to embrace who I am. He has always encouraged me to have my own personal outlook and opinion. I think he believes that conformity undermines intellectual potentialâ€"an opinion I now strongly agree with. Moreover, he has taught me to stand my ground and be perceptive. The critical viewpoint I have grown into has trained me not to take things for granted and to be inquisitive. However, in their extremity, they were defense mechanisms against the demands of the world, and they were not sustainable. In trying to cultivate my own separate reality, concerned predominantly with my own experience, I became drained and depressed. Check out successful essays from current Johnnies. There’s no one right thing to say in an essay, but these Johnnies may be a source of inspiration. The deeper you go, the better.For your anecdotes, focus on specific details. You might not have enough space to tell your entire life story, but if you focus on a couple of examples, it can make your essay come to life. Although they're phrased differently from college to college, certain essay question types appear routinely. See what you should do with them on the next page. The move to Texas was one of the hardest transitions in my life as I was greeted with a culture shock and had to reinvent myself. In California my peers and I had shared the same views. We were all so liberal which at the time felt like a blessing, but when I got to Texas it seemed as though everywhere I went my ideas were challenged. The notion that prejudice clouds perception was a truth that I don’t imagine I’d have come to as early without the help of Austen and it made me wonder how much more I could learn from reading. After that I became obsessed with reading, falling into my old habits of staying up late to read the last chapter, staying in to read at lunch, and going to the library every weekend. I am forever grateful to Pride and Prejudice for reigniting the passion for reading I had lost in middle school. In bursts of inspiration I would “homeschool” myself, withdrawing into seclusion. I liked to learn by tinkering and building things. I read books about agriculture, built a chicken coop and a garden, and even slept outside in my family’s field. I found these methods of occupying my time to be more fulfilling than the types of entertainment, namely social media, being employed by those around me. On several occasions throughout my childhood, I decided to become a “scholar;” I would hole myself up with books that I couldn’t quite understand and pore over the pages until my eyes ached. Reading allowed me to feel connected with important ideas and values that were scarce in my surroundings. These endeavors were formative, and I do not regret them. Not one of the book’s characters can be defined in terms of “good” and “evil,” or “right” and “wrong.” Rather, they are all unequivocally human, for better or for worse. The one absolute truth to our existence is the divide between life and deathâ€"and, some may argue that death is the only cessation of our humanity. Until recently, I felt little obligation to involve myself in any substantive way with humanity as a whole. Before I had defined this connection as one of my most important values, I experimented with various methods of separation. So, in a way, The Master and Margarita has helped me to understand my father and appreciate him as an outsider, an individualist. I have also become an individualist who tries to defy the conformism around him. This sense of clarity I received, was due in part to Pride and Prejudice because even though it did not provide me with the answers to my questions, it had given me a sense of self awareness. Instead, the characters within its pages are mixtures of everything and its opposite. The story’s protagonist, Liesel Meminger, learns this lesson through her experiences in Nazi Germany, a place and time in which we are often inclined to believe that good and evil existed as separate entities. The Book Thief introduces a myriad cast of characters and thrusts them into the polarizing world of Nazi Germany. On an almost daily basis I was asked to defend my views on a subject, but my debating skills were limited to logical fallacies and ad hominem attacks so I wasn’t too successful. In my eyes it didn’t matter what I said because I was right and they were wrong. The Book Thief refuses to flee from this ambiguity.

just another manic wednesday

just another manic wednesday i really loved joons everyday post, so here is my own unnecessarily detailed day! watch as i stumble my way through like sixteen hours without ever leaving a ~0.04 km^2 area. dis boi long, so buckle up (and feel free to skim, if youre into that). Location: East Campus Although this image is small, if you look in the bottom left corner youll see a scale: the lines are 30m, or 100ft. 6.02 am: i wake up abruptly from a dream in which i miss my flight home.01 im leaving in eight days, next thursday, and damn am i ready to be home although i should be trying to get back to sleep, instead i start thinking about all the stuff i have to do to get ready to leave for the summer. as i do, tentative lines from a poem pop into my head. and a few more, and a few more. 6.05 am: i actually open my eyes02 the morning light comes in bright blue around the edges of my windowshade, and my room is painted blue; i feel deliciously underwater. in order to write down the poem on the paper i keep by my bed. here it is, scanned, below. (please keep in mind: it wasnt light enough to actually see the paper and i had just woken up. this is like a zeroth draft) 6.17 am ??: i try and fail to go back to sleep. ?? 9.24 am: i actually go back to sleep. my roommates alarm wakes me, but i was getting up in six minutes anyway. 9.24 9.35 am: i check my email and catch up on MITConfessions. 9.35 9.45 am: i reluctantly get out of bed, debate showering and decide to do it tonight, use the bathroom, and throw on some clothes. 9.45 9.57 am: i walk over to the kitchen03 every floor in east campus has its own communal kitchen, fridges, stoves, and all and eat my traditional weekday breakfast of almond milk and applesauce. Location: Building 26 9.57 am: i go to 6.009 recitation to get my checkoff.04 lots of lab classes will have you work independently, then explain your work to a TA or LA (lab assistant) to receive full points. i am number 16 in the queue, but i quickly jump to the top; no clue who changed their minds. despite technical issue strugs, i get the checkoff! its my last one for this class (today is the last day that any assignments can be due, since classes end tomorrow). 10.15 10.58 am: normally there would be an actual recitation being held during this time, so now i dont really know what to do with myself; i only woke up for 10 am because i was worried the checkoff queue would be long. i start writing this blog post and help out a friend, also at recitation, who hasnt finished the lab yet. Location: Stata Center right after i made this one, i realized my class is actually over a little to the right, so its moved in the other images. shhh ?? 10.58 am 12.25 pm: i walk over to my linguistics class, 24.9000. its our last meeting and im really sad ive had so much fun in this class! today our topic is how languages change over time, and oh boy do i nerd out about etymology (which was one of my fave topics in high school). 12.25 pm: right next to my class is the stata cafe.05 its basically a miniature dining hall -- it has tons of food options and is usually packed during lunch, since the closest actual dining hall is fifteen minutes walk away. i pick up my usual, their vegan06 im not vegan, but i am lactose intolerant, and i swear to god EVERY other food they sell is covered in cheese indian food. Location: Building 26 12.28 12.55 pm: my friend from linguistics has also picked up lunch at stata; we walk over to the Banana Lounge07 this is new in the past couple years -- a student government committee, UA innovation, spearheaded a student lounge with places to work and sleep, and which is always in stock with bananas. there are honestly very few good study spaces on this side of campus, so its always well-used. in 26 to eat. 12.57 1.56 pm: im back in 26-100, where my 6.009 recitation was, for 18.03 lecture. like linguistics, this is our last lecture, but im a little less sad about this: i love the content of this class, but i dont always feel that its being well taught. towards the end of the semester ive started zoning out more than i should in lecture. 1.57 2.54 pm: i have a UROP meeting at 3 in stata, so i dont want to head all the way08 when you spend all your time in one place, five hundred meters starts to seem a lot more like a trek home just yet. i go back to the banana lounge to update this post, read facebook, and contemplate whether i should study for my test tomorrow09 my last one before finals! im so close to release asdjfsldf or take a nap. in fact, it turns out im too tired to have willpower, so instead i just hang around on the internet for twenty minutes, then do a few practice problems for my physics exam next week. shrug emoji Location: Stata Center 2.58 3.15 pm: my UROP meeting is quite short! the grad student i work with and i mostly prep for the longer meeting we have tomorrow with our PI. this is good, because its freakin cold in there, for some reason. i head home to snuggle under some blankets until my next meeting (also for my UROP, also in Stata). on my way back, i spot some people selling tshirts that are a very pretty red and look soft! i am now the new owner of: Location: East Campus 3.17 4.46 pm: even my room is cold :( but two blankets and a soft couch helps! i update this post and do a bunch more physics practice problems. notice that i have not yet studied for the test tomorrow? i am scared to. i tell myself that if i finish all my other work first, then i will be able to tackle it unfettered. thinking face Location: Stata Center 4.46 5.35 pm: back over to stata for another UROP meeting! (i take a different, more indoors route, because i am cold.) i tell my supervisor about how i have not been able to solve the problem i was given at all and the code base is not doing what i think it should be doing. my supervisor tells me that she also does not know how to solve this problem and thinks the code base, which i didnt write, is just borked. i am extremely comforted (and wish i had spent a little less time near tears trying to fix this). Location: East Campus 5.40 7.18 pm: and with that last meeting, im home for the day?? everything gets a lot simpler now that i can work on my own schedule. on my way home, i stop to take a couple pretty photos! yay for spring :) i plop down on my couch and finish off the physics problems10 and surf the internet, and listen to music with my roommate... :D i am very happy, because this represents most of my studying for that exam and now i can put it behind me for a while. 7.18 8.05 pm: then i get hungry. i made rice pilaf yesterday and had leftovers, plus i froze a big batch of curry a while ago; i make liberal use of the microwave to cook a yummy dinner. it is The Dinner Hour, so the kitchen and lounge are full of people! we hang out. it is fun. 8.05 9.57 pm: i finally begin to study, somewhat frantically, for my test. it is Latin translation; I have 60 lines of poetry left, plus reviewing the other 200+ lines ive already done. 9.57 pm: i finish translating all 60 lines!!!! i feel glorious. especially since HouseComm11 east campus has a biweekly house meeting, attended by the exec, representatives from each of the ten floors, and any other resident who wants to go. is at 10. 10.05 11 pm: the floor that is in charge of snacks brought oreos AND fresh fruit. i am delighted, thank you 41w!! we discuss changes to our rooming process and elect a new secretary. 11 midnight: i intend to keep reviewing for my test, and i kinda do that, but also wordpress takes a long-ass time to upload images, so really i just finish off this post. overall, this was not my most productive of days, but thats OK, because i didnt have too much to do! plus, by this point in the semester im pretty burned out, so i try not to judge myself too harshly. today i walked a paltry 4,500 steps, but thats also OK, because wednesday isnt one of my workout days. (although theres a gym in stata, so if it was, i wouldnt even have to break out of my 0.04 km^2 box!) midnight: bedtime at last! i need to wake up at 9.30 for a meeting, and it takes me like 20 minutes to get ready for bed, and like another 30 to fall asleep, and i need more than eight hours of sleep to feel rested (thanks body .) and so, about four hours earlier than everyone else i live with, i go to bed. good night and sweet dreams, everybody 3 Post Tagged #A Day In The Life Of #East Campus i'm leaving in eight days, next thursday, and damn am i ready to be home back to text ? the morning light comes in bright blue around the edges of my windowshade, and my room is painted blue; i feel deliciously underwater. back to text ? every floor in east campus has its own communal kitchen, fridges, stoves, and all back to text ? lots of lab classes will have you work independently, then explain your work to a TA or LA (lab assistant) to receive full points. back to text ? it's basically a miniature dining hall -- it has tons of food options and is usually packed during lunch, since the closest actual dining hall is fifteen minutes' walk away. back to text ? i'm not vegan, but i am lactose intolerant, and i swear to god EVERY other food they sell is covered in cheese back to text ? this is new in the past couple years -- a student government committee, UA innovation, spearheaded a student lounge with places to work and sleep, and which is always in stock with bananas. there are honestly very few good study spaces on this side of campus, so it's always well-used. back to text ? when you spend all your time in one place, five hundred meters starts to seem a lot more like a trek back to text ? my last one before finals! i'm so close to release asdjfsldf back to text ? and surf the internet, and listen to music with my roommate... back to text ? east campus has a biweekly house meeting, attended by the exec, representatives from each of the ten floors, and any other resident who wants to go. back to text ?

The Anxiety / Uncertainty Management Theory Of Effective...

The Anxiety/Uncertainty Management Theory of Effective Communication is to explain how managing uncertainty and anxiety help achieve effective communication with â€Å"strangers†. The theory argues that most of our communication involves both interpersonal and intergroup processes, but communication with outgroup members has more intergroup than interpersonal factors, which causes higher uncertainty and anxiety. Managing uncertainty and anxiety is a main contribution to effective communication (e.g., measured by mutual understanding) given that they mediate other superficial factors that influence effective communication. Effective communication requires that both uncertainty and anxiety be between our minimum and maximum thresholds, and we should have mindfulness which involves creating new categories, being open to new information and aware of different perspectives. Uncertainty is our cognitive phenomenon which prevents us from predicting strangers’ attitudes, behavi ors and thoughts. Where our uncertainty is above maximum, we do not have confidence in predicting strangers’ behaviors. Where our uncertainty is below minimum, we do not pay attention to cues to potential misunderstanding. Anxiety is an affective phenomenon which prevents effective communication with strangers. Where our anxiety is above maximum, we do not feel comfortable and process information based on our negative stereotypes in intergroup interactions. Where our anxiety is below minimum, we do not have anyShow MoreRelated William Gudykunsts Anxiety / Uncertainty Management Theory Essay530 Words   |  3 PagesGudykunsts Anxiety / Uncertainty Management Theory Everyone has experienced cross cultural differences one-way or the other. 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Pressure turns into stress when one feels unable to cope. For workers everywhere, the economy may feel like an emotional roller coaster. Layoffs and budget cuts are common in the workplace, and the result is increased fear, uncertainty, and higher levels of stress ( Jeanne Segal, Melinda Smith, Lawrence Robinson, and Robert Segal, 2015). Symptoms of Stress These are some of the symptoms of stress: Truancy, getting away from work obligations, arriving late, leaving early. DisintegrationRead MoreCulture, Communication, And Intercultural Communication1873 Words   |  8 PagesKEY CONCEPTS Culture, Communication, and Intercultural Communication Generally, culture is conceptualized as a shared way of life, developed and shared by a group of people and transmitted from generation to generation (Tubbs and Moss, 1994). Culture embodies elements such as beliefs, values, language, political systems, etc. which together give a group its characteristics (Griffin, 2000; Tubbs and Moss, 1994). These characteristics are not imposed by one individual, but rather as a group and areRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesThe field of organizational behavior systematically studies these attitudes and behavior and provides advice about how organizations can manage them effectively. The goals of the field include the prediction, explanation, and management of organizational behavior. Management is the art of getting things accomplished in organizations through others. It consists of acquiring, allocating, and utilizing physical and human resources to accomplish goals. Personality is important for organizational behaviorRead MoreEssay on Business Communication Quarterly 2013 F5948 Words   |  24 Pagesï » ¿Business Communication Quarterly http://bcq.sagepub.com/ Intercultural Communication Apprehension and Emotional Intelligence in Higher Education: Preparing Business Students for Career Success Lisa T. 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Women s Rights And Equality - 1135 Words

In an ideal world, every single person lives according to their own choices. Oh, wait a second, we do live in a country with laws ensuring this. The laws allowing each American’s freedom to choose does not include the exact definition of gender roles because each person should be free to choose. The definition of equality inquires that all genders have the same rights and opportunities. According to law women are able to work, talk, dress, act, and express freely in society. The 1st amendment reassures all Americans these freedoms. It does not assure that women can work, talk, dress, act, and express freely in society without concern of being socially accepted. We deserve the same rights men have had since the beginning of time. In the†¦show more content†¦Now that women have been more involved in the workforce as time actively goes by; the picture painted of a housewife has not gone away. Women are still supposed to go to work all day, make dinner, do laundry, clean the house. Yet, men claim to be the â€Å"stronger† gender? Yah right. Another restriction called Glass ceiling is holding ladies back; painting the line that separates equality darker. The glass ceiling is a metaphor that allows men to always be paid more than women. The image of women and their duties must change. Careers are far from the only restrictions women encounter on our journey to equality. In addition; we all love to eat. When women eat we are judged based on what we eat, how we eat, and how much we eat. I remember in middle school I felt very self-conscious about eating in front of people because I didn’t want anyone to criticize my eating, so I wouldn’t eat. It likely affected my health at the time. This is actually how many women feel; especially if your weight is not what society feels is correct. I just wanted to feel comfortable, and I couldn’t. It is the stereotype women bear to look optimal and good enough for men; that leads us to h arsh measures. Our role isn’t to feel uncomfortable in public, but, confident. The non-stop pressure put upon us makes our lives even harder to take on. Societies views are very powerful. Judgments that our culture has composed reflects onShow MoreRelatedWomen s Right For Equality1467 Words   |  6 Pagessociety there is a need for equality for men and women, we must allow our well-being to achieve success. Researchers have been doing research on society to find the dissimilarities between women and men. We as women are by far the largest minority in the United States. I could relate the most important social, political and economic trends of the century, upon the achievements, as well as their missteps. Though we are making an effort to improve women s right for equality, the American dream isRead MoreWomen s Rights And Equality1020 Words   |  5 Pagesrun the world? 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Microsoft vs Foss Free Essays

Microsoft’s Foss Patent Infringement Holly Stark ITT Technical IT 302 Abstract This paper takes an in depth look at the claims from Microsoft that FOSS (Free and Open Source Software) committed patent infringement in 2006. It also discusses how the events have impacted FOSS, whether negatively or positively and how the actions have changed both since 2006. Microsoft’s Foss Patent Infringement Free software is wonderful and corporate America seems to love it. We will write a custom essay sample on Microsoft vs Foss or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s often high-quality stuff that can be downloaded free off the Internet and then copied at will. It’s versatile – it can be customized to perform almost any large-scale computing task – and best of all its crash-resistant. More than half the companies in the Fortune 500 are thought to be using the free operating system Linux in their data centers. In 2006, Microsoft cast a shadow over Free and Open Source Software by alleging that they had violated 235 patents such as the Linux kernel, Samba, OpenOffice. org and others. Foss’s legal representative Eben Moglen contended that software is a mathematical algorithm and, as such, not patentable. Parloff, R. 2007) But what of Microsoft’s claims? Are they valid? But first to answer that you need to understand what a patent really is. A patent is essentially a limited monopoly whereby the patent holder is granted the exclusive right to make, use, and sell the patented innovation for a limited period of time. Granting exclusive rights to the inventor is intended to encourage the investment of time and re sources into the development of new and useful discoveries. Once the term of protection has ended, the patented innovation enters the public domain. The problem of the patentability of software has become one of the most debated issues with regards to open source software. The Supreme Court stated in a unanimous opinion that patents have been issued too readily for the past two decades, and lots are probably invalid. For a variety of technical reasons, many dispassionate observers suspect that software patents are especially vulnerable to court challenge. This ruling works in FOSS’s favor. Patents can be invalidated in court on numerous grounds; others can easily be â€Å"invented around. Still others might be valid, yet not infringed under the particular circumstances. FOSS has some well known patrons working in its corner as well. In 2005, six of them – IBM (Charts, Fortune 500), Sony, Philips, Novell, Red Hat (Charts) and NEC – set up the Open Invention Network (OIN) to acquire a portfolio of patents that might pose problems for companies like Microsoft, which are known to pose a patent threat to Linux. S o if Microsoft ever sued Linux distributor Red Hat for patent infringement, for instance, OIN might sue Microsoft in retaliation, trying to enjoin distribution of Windows. Parloff, R. 2007) A preliminary legal analysis of FOSS licenses conducted seems to suggest that the novel licensing model used by FOSS is legally valid, a fact that lends substantial credit to the movement. Other indications as to the soundness of the licenses are also encouraging; a ruling in Germany that has recognized the validity of the General Public License (GPL) ( J. Hoppner,2004), which further serves to stress that FOSS is a global phenomenon that is revolutionizing the entire field of software development. Microsoft realized that something had to change when it comes to patents. They basically had three choices. They could do nothing, it could start suing other companies to stop them from using its patents, or, they could begin licensing its patents to other companies in exchange for either royalties or access to their patents (a â€Å"cross-licensing† deal). They chose to do the latter. In December 2003, Microsoft’s new licensing unit opened for business, and soon the company had signed cross-licensing pacts with such tech firms as Sun, Toshiba, SAP and Siemens. On November 2, 2006, Microsoft went public and announced a partnership with Novell to collaborate to help Microsoft’s Windows, a proprietary operating system, work with Novell’s Suse Linux, which is based on open-source code. In addition, the software makers struck a deal on patents designed to give customers peace of mind about using Novell’s open-source products. This partnership made Novell the only company in the industry that was able to provide the customer not only with the code to run Linux, but also with a patent covenant from Microsoft. Evers, Joris 2006) Some thought that it showed that Microsoft was kind of being forced to see Linux as a significant competitor and the FOSS model as a viable business model. (Upfold, Peter 2006) My personal opinion is that this was an attack on the open source community. Microsoft hasn’t actually changed its tune; it’s still actively attacking free software and trying to abolish GNU/Linux while promoting W indows and other proprietary software as though they are complementary to free software, which they are not. It’s PR nonsense and Microsoft is good at PR. Since then, Novell was sold in 2010 to Attachmate Corp. and a concurrent sale of certain intellectual property assets was sold to CPTN Holdings LLC, a consortium of technology companies organized by Microsoft Corporation. It plays right into the hands of Microsoft’s PR campaign, which strives for a fusion where Microsoft controls both sides of the competition and then derails the side which is less favorable to Microsoft. Microsoft has done that over and over again for many years and victims include giants like IBM and Apple. While FOSS licenses generally protect end user freedom in the realm of copyright, they have no effective protection against threats from software patents, especially from entities outside the FOSS community. In responding to the threat from software patent holders, the FOSS community has created innovative licensing schemes. ( Davidson, S. J 2006) Permissive licenses, such as the Apache licenses, have different patent rights clauses from reciprocal licenses, such as the MPL and GPL. In dealing with potential patent claims, GPL 2. has a â€Å"Freedom or Death† termination clause – â€Å"any patent must be licensed for everyone’s free use or not licensed at all. † GPL 2. 0 does not allow the development of software that requires any kind of license payments for third party patents. (Hacker. J. n. d. ) GPL 3. 0 was drafted to cope with global software patent threats and to provide compatibility with more non-GPL FOSS licenses. The current GPL draft 3. 0 keeps GPL 2. 0’s copyleft feature and includes new provisions addressing evolving computing issues, such as patent issues, free software license compatibility, and digital rights management (â€Å"DRM†). McMillan, R 2007) As of today, Microsoft is still attacking free software with two types of tactics. The tactics largely include litigation and the use of so-called Fear-Uncertainty-Doubt (FUD) tactics designed to undermine the popular perception of the open source philosophy. This year alone they have won several cases either outright, in appeal or countersuits against Motorola’s Android features. The rest of the FOSS community seems to be on edge and waiting to see what happens next. How to cite Microsoft vs Foss, Essay examples